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Basic Notion of Converging Lenses

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We use converging lenses instead of diverging lenses as experimental equipment because they can form real images which can be shown on paper.

Remember that object distances shorter than f will not have a correspondant real image.

If the image distance is measured to be positive, it does not mean it is on the same side as the object. Contrarily, a positive value of the image distance implies an image on the other side.

Light Lab Experiment

Light lab: Lens lab

Equipment:
    A converging lens
    A lit candle
    Stand
    Clips that can be attached to the stand
    Hard paper that is able to stand

Procedure/purpose: To place the candle, the lens and paper on clips, and place them on the stand respectively in order. Keep the lens in a fixed position. Keep moving the candle further and further from the lens, and arrange the paper to see a clear image in each situation. By measuring the object distance and image distance, students will be able to derive the focal distance for the converging lens and further on discover the law of lenses.

Chart for Graphing & Calculating the Focal Length of the Lens

图片
Such a chart could be used because the focal length for the converging lens is constant disregard of the fluctuation value of the object and image distance.

Applet/Flash Related to Topic

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Basic Notion of the Refraction of Light

图片
Basic Terms:
        Snell's Law (What this is)
        Angle of Incidence
        Angle of Refraction
        Interface
        Normal
        The Refractive Index

Remember that no matter how the beam is refracted, the frequency of the light doesn't change.

              The formula relating the angles and the refractive indexes is:
                                        n1*sinθ1 = n2*sinθ2


Light Lab Experiment

Light lab: Refraction lab

Equipment:        
     Laser
    Thin piece of glass
    Protractor

Procedure/purpose: To shine the laser through the thin piece of glass with a non-90 degree angle. And use the protractor to measure the angle of incidence and the angle of refraction to derive the coefficient of refraction for the piece of glass.

P.S.: Other apparatus could be used for the convienience of conducting the experiment as well. And it is up to your need.
          

Chart for Graphing & Calculating the Refractive Index of the Glass

图片
Such a chart could be used because in the formula for the angles of incidence and refraction with the refractive indexes contains an unknown constant--the refractive index of the piece of glass.

Applet/Flash Related to Topic

Bending Light
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